Fitness Knowledge Base

Everything you need to know to optimize your health and wellness and reach your fitness goals.

This is a database of the knowledge I've accumulated over the past 12 years with prioritizing and researching health, wellness, fitness, and nutrition.


All Things Sleep


All Things Nutrition


All Things Exercise


All Things Supplements


My Personal Fitness Insights

All Things Sleep

How many hours a night should I sleep?

IResearch suggests sleeping for 7-9 hours of sleep each night, as studies indicate that both too much and too little sleep can lead to higher mortality rates at a younger age.

Are naps useful or important for my overall health?

Yes, incorporating short naps into your routine can be helpful for your overall health. It's recommended to time them for 20-30 minutes to avoid entering a deep sleep cycle.

How do I improve the quality of my sleep?

To enhance the quality of your sleep, ensure your sleeping environment is conducive by keeping the room dark, maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, avoiding food before bed, cutting off caffeine intake early (at least 6 hours before bedtime), eliminating lights in the room, using blue light glasses or screen filters on devices, avoiding device usage before bed, taking a hot shower, and considering the use of a weighted blanket. Aim for 7-8 hours of sleep per night.

I always wake up tired. How can I feel more refreshed after a night of sleep?

Paying attention to your sleep cycles is crucial. Try to maintain a consistent sleep schedule, aligning your sleep with your natural circadian rhythm. Waking up at the end of a sleep cycle and during lighter stages of sleep can leave you feeling more refreshed after a night's rest.

All Things Nutrition

What are the things I should know to consistently lose weight and body fat?

Consistently losing weight and body fat involves creating a calorie deficit, prioritizing building muscle through exercise, maintaining an active lifestyle, and ensuring proper protein intake to preserve muscle mass.

What are things I should know to consistently gain weight and build muscle?

To consistently gain weight and build muscle, focus on a calorie surplus, engage in targeted workouts to break down muscle and allow for proper rest and nutrition for muscle recovery and growth. Adequate protein intake and gradually increasing the load (progressive overload) in your exercises are also key factors.

What are macronutrients and why are they important?

Macronutrients refer to protein, fats, and carbohydrates, which are the fundamental building blocks of the foods we consume and provide essential energy and nutrients necessary for our bodily functions.

How much protein should I consume?

Studies suggest consuming approximately 1 gram of protein per pound of body weight as a general baseline. Adjustments may be needed based on whether you are in a calorie deficit or surplus. It is suggested to increase protein intake when in a calorie deficit to preserve lean muscle tissue.

What do you think of diets? Should I do (fill in diet here) ?

Most diets are not universally applicable for weight loss or muscle gain, as everyone's body reacts differently and has different caloric requirements based on individual goals. It's recommended to experiment with dietary approaches like lower carb and higher fat versus moderate carb and moderate fat. Consider your goals, health, and potential sensitivities when adjusting your diet.

I heard fasting can be beneficial for weight loss, so how often should I eat?

Meal timing isn't as crucial as some make it out to be. Ultimately, weight loss boils down to calories in versus calories out. Whether you eat one meal or several meals, what matters most is the total caloric intake. Most people who claim to lose weight from fasting are simply losing weight because their total calories consumed is lower than the total calories burned per day.

How crucial is fiber in my diet, and what's the recommended intake?

Fiber is important for a healthy diet. The suggested intake in the US is around 14 grams per 1,000 calories, averaging to about 25 grams per day for women and 38 grams per day for men. Adequate fiber intake is crucial for digestive health and overall well-being.

All Things Exercise

I'd like to preface this by stating that everyone has different goals. The most important thing I suggest is getting clear on what your goals are. The next most important thing is to follow a plan that you can adhere to. Being clear on your goals and consistency of your plan are the two most important factors to reach your own personal level's of success.

How often should I exercise?

The frequency of exercise depends on your goals. For maintenance, I recommend a minimum of 2 days a week. If you aim for growth and improvement, consider exercising 3 or more days a week.

What type of exercise should I do?

The type of exercise you should engage in varies based on your goals. Whether it's sport-specific movements, general fitness, or focusing on compound movements for strength with supplemental exercises for mobility, tailor your workouts to align with your objectives.

How often should I rest to avoid overtraining?

To prevent overtraining, avoid working the same muscle group more than 3 days a week. Additionally, it's best not to work the same muscle two days in a row if you can avoid it.

Will I lose my gains doing cardio?

No, losing gains isn't a direct result of doing cardio. It's important to maintain a caloric surplus and sufficient protein intake. Recent studies even suggest potential benefits of cardiovascular activity in supporting muscle gain.

Should I just do cardio if I only want to lose weight?

While cardio can aid in weight loss, focusing on muscle gain is equally crucial. Building muscle increases your metabolic rate, making it easier to lose weight by allowing you to consume more calories while still being in a calorie deficit. Exercise, especially building muscle, plays a significant role in weight loss and overall wellbeing. 

My fitness tracker says I burn more calories than I eat, but I'm not losing weight. What gives?

Research shows most fitness trackers have significant inaccuracies. It's crucial to not rely solely on the tracker's data. Adjust your caloric intake based on actual progress, as you might still be consuming more calories than you're burning, even if it's not accurately reflected on the tracker. I always suggest increasing activity levels prior to decreasing total calories consumed, and would advise against excessively restrictive caloric intake (<1,500 calories per day). 

How do I get bigger arms?

When aiming for bigger arms, it's important to focus not only on the biceps but also on the triceps, including the medial, lateral, and long head. The triceps make up approximately 60-70% of your arm's size.

I saw X celebrity's workout plan - should I just do what they do?

Workout plans should be specific to you and your goals. It's essential to remember that what works for a celebrity might not be suitable for you. Additionally, celebrities may use performance-enhancing drugs, and it's important to stick to science-based approaches that consider individual differences and needs.

I just want to get in better shape - I don't need to be Captain America. What do you suggest I do for a workout?

Any workout is better than nothing. I'd suggest aiming for at least 3 days a week of strength training combined with at least two cardio sessions (these can be a part of the strength training days, and I suggest doing them after). Try a simple full body workout with whatever you have access to. Push ups, pull ups, resistance bands, bench press, deadlift, barbell press, squats. Start with 3-5 sets of each exercise. Aim for a rep range that comes to about an 8/10 for Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE). For cardio, try one moderate intensity jog/run or cardio machine, and one day of intervals (think 20 seconds with maximal effort and a 40 second rest, repeat 3-5x). Exercise programs don't have to be long and complex, you just need something that you enjoy and will follow consistently to make results.

All Things Supplements

What supplements are actually valuable?

According to the latest research, valuable supplements include creatine and a multivitamin. If consuming enough daily fiber is challenging, a fiber supplement can be beneficial. For more detailed insights, I suggest referring to articles written by Layne Norton on this topic.

What supplements are a waste of money?

Certain supplements may not provide significant benefits and could be considered a waste of money, such as fat burners, amino acid mixes (consuming enough protein will suffice), and other varying supplements that promote muscle gain or fat loss. Supplements will vary at the individual level - if you have a question about a specific supplement and it's utility, feel free to message me.

How important is proper supplementation?

Supplementation holds a relatively minor place in your overall fitness regimen, offering small incremental benefits. It's one of the last aspects to consider—your diet, nutrition, and workout routine are significantly more important factors to prioritize.

My Personal Fitness Insights

What does your workout routine look like?

I have various training plans depending on the training block I am in, as I periodize my training depending on my long-term goals (which are currently to compete at the highest level in obstacle course racing).

My current training block for building strength, improving flexibility, and maintaining cardiovascular endurance is as follows:

- Monday: Rest

- Tuesday: Upper Power

- Wednesday: Lower Power & Run 3 miles

- Thursday: Core & Run 2 miles

- Friday: Back & Shoulders + Heated Yoga

- Saturday: Chest & Arms + Heated Yoga

- Sunday: Lower Body Hypertrophy + Heated Yoga + Hike 3-8 miles

What do you eat and track for diet?
At the time of writing this, I am moving towards a no-dairy and reduced gluten diet with minimal red meat. I believe in flexible dieting and being able to eat foods you enjoy while adhering to macro/micro-nutrient intakes for health and fitness goals, however I've recognized inflammation and some issues that may be diet related, so I am scaling back my dairy and gluten intake. Overall, I consume a lot of pasta, rice, vegetables, fruits, poultry, and fish. I also consume a daily protein shake consisting of whey protein, water / oat milk, peanut butter, psyllium husks, greens powder, the occasional coconut oil, and fruit.
What supplements do you take?
Over the years and with the latest in scientific research, I've drastically reduced my supplement list down to a few core items: a multi-vitamin, fish oil, psyllium husks for additional fiber intake, Whey protein from MyProtein, greens powder to supplement my intake of vegetables (Amazing Grass), and Nuun Energy for electrolytes in my morning water.
What products and services do you use for health and fitness?

I use trainerize for building and maintaining routines for my clients. I've also used this for my own routines.

I currently use Excel to maintain my own training workouts PR's, and workout plans.

I use Carbon by Layne Norton to track my daily caloric intake and to adjust my calories and macronutrients based on my fitness goals.

I use a Garmin Instinct watch for tracking distance runs.

Finally, I use the Whoop fitness tracker to track my overall health as it relates to sleep, recovery, and exercise strain.

In the near future, I will begin utilizing a CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitor) to help optimize meal timing and energy balance for overall health and wellbeing. 

How often do you exercise?

At the time of writing this, I lift weights 5 days per week, I run 2-3 days per week of varying heart rate zones, and I do heated yoga 3-5 days per week to improve flexibility and recovery. 

Monday - off

Tuesday - weight training

Wednesday - weight training + run 3 miles

Thursday - yoga + run 2 miles with functional cardio

Friday - weight training + yoga

Saturday - weight training + yoga

Sunday - weight training + yoga + distance hike 3-8 miles

How many hours do you sleep?
I am for 7-9 hours per night, and typically aim for a solid 8 hours of sleep. I'll attempt to keep my Whoop sleep at 85% or higher adherence based on my body's strain and sleep deficit from previous nights.
What are your personal fitness goals?

I'm constantly trying to get stronger, build more muscle, run faster, get more flexible, and be overall more healthy daily.

At the time of writing this, I'm aiming to break new lifting strength PR's, break a 6 minute mile pace, run a sub 19 minute 5K, be able to do a full split, and a handstand among other fun endeavors.

What do you recommend for someone just starting out?

Do your research (kudos to being on this page and reading this far). You can cut through a lot of the noise and the latest marketing gimmick to sell you a product you don't need if you do your homework and understand the science behind fitness. Get clear on your goals and what you want to achieve. Finally, I'd suggest hiring a coach (you can work with me) so you can have the accountability and someone to do all of the research for you to help you devise a plan to reach your goals.

GET STARTED NOW!

What are common misconceptions that people often have when it comes to health and wellness?
The most common misconception is that it's hard/complex/difficult to reach your goals. It's really not hard, complex, or difficult, and it doesn't require a fancy workout routine or special diet to reach your goals. It's actually quite simple. Fortunately for us, science always prevails. To get fit, you should aim to exercise to build muscle tone, do cardio regularly, burn more calories than you consume, fuel your body for growth, and get an adequate amount of rest to recover.
What's the most useful thing related to wellness that you've learned in the past 12 years?
Consistency and adherence to a proper program / game plan is more important than anything else. If you do all of the right things in a program, but that program isn't fun, exciting, and motivating, and so you don't adhere to it, then no part of that program matters because you won't stick to it. Create a program that excites and motivates you daily.
What advice would you have to someone beginning their exercise journey?
Be patient with yourself - it takes time to make results. Focus on improving small habits that can compound over time - exercising just once or twice per week is better than nothing, so if you have to start small, start small. You can accumulate small, daily victories for yourself. I'd also recommend a balanced approach to everything from diet to exercise - continue to eat foods you enjoy, just perhaps in moderation. Create a routine that combines strength training with aerobic / cardiovascular components. And lastly, STRETCH! I've been spending the last two years trying to reduce inflammation and tightness in my body that are all a result of too much strength training with not enough stretching. Yoga is a great exercise to add into your regimen.  

Questions or Topics
You'd Like Me to Cover?

Email: Chris@TheFinestFitness.com
Email: ChrisJHarrington@gmail.com 
Text: (857) 200-5583